Syllabus: Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and non- uniform motion, and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity -time and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment).
Important questions:
Draw these graphs:
a) v-t graph for uniform motion, Uniformly accelerated motion.
b) x-t graph for Stationary object, uniform motion, Uniformly accelerated motion.
Define these:
Uniform motion, uniform acceleration, instantaneous velocity
Reference point: The point of intersection of three mutually perpendicular lines (axis) is called origin (O) and serves as the reference point.
Frame of reference: The coordinates (x, y. z) of an object describe the position of the object. This coordinate system along with a clock constitutes a frame of reference.
To describe motion along a straight line, we need only one axis, say X.
Distance: The path length traversed by the object is called distance.
Displacement: Displacement is the change in position of object.
Let x1 and x2 be the positions of an object at time t1 and t2, Then its displacement, denoted by Δx, in time Δt = (t2 - t1), is given by the difference between the final and initial positions :
Δx = x2 – x1
Displacement has both magnitude and direction. Such quantities are represented by vectors. Example:
displacement of the car in moving from O to P is : Δx = x2 – x1 = (+360 m) – 0 m = +360 m
The displacement has a magnitude of 360 m and is directed in the positive x direction as indicated by the + sign. Similarly, the displacement of the car from P to Q is 240 m – 360 m = – 120 m. The negative sign indicates the direction of displacement.
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